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Polished vs. Honed Marble

An article covering the differences between polished and honed finishes, and why you may consider converting your natural stone to either. We will be covering their aesthetic qualities, durability, and common applications. We will wrap up with a brief overview of our suggested uses of each finish. 
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Aesthetic

Polished

A polished finish is consistently glossy, and a very traditional finish for most families of natural stone, such as marble and granite. The high gloss reflection of a polished finish invites a sense of grandeur and creates an illusion of increased scale to spaces. The high reflectivity does hide most of the variations in stone, including the density of various veins or imperfections in the material. There is no substantial range in glossiness when we polish a surface, we aim to gain as much clarity and reflection as possible. Different materials will hold a different polish. While that is not a hard rule, it is expected that materials with denser mineral compositions will display more clarity than looser grained stone. Marble, granite and quartzite for example, tend to be clearer than limestone and travertine when polished (note: we don’t mean shinier, it’s not difficult to make material shiny, but actual clarity and depth is very much dependent on the grain density). Most stone will take to a polished finish and look very consistent, only a few varieties of exceptionally soft limestone won’t look very sharp polished. 

Honed

Honed finishes are quickly becoming very popular. A modern finish, honed surfaces are not so dull that they stop all reflections, rather, light is both reflected and pulled into the stone, with lighter crystalline varieties of stone, honed finishes often “glow”. It’s a very cozy finish. I wouldn’t consider honed finishes “rustic” by any means, white marble when honed is still very elegant and very soft on the eye. One major difference between polished and honed finishes is how much the variations in the material dictate the finish. Dense veins and mineral variations will reflect differently at a honed finish, it can be very subtle or very drastic depending on the material. One aspect of honing not relevant to polishing, is our ability to achieve a wide range of lustre. We can make the surface exceptionally dull or somewhere in between. This is where the “patina” satin-semi finish comes from, it’s essentially a glossy version of a hone, where we don’t aim for clarity, but rather try to make the surface shiny while maintaining a diffused reflection - this can be a delicate dance, and requires quite a bit of experience to properly read different material’s responses to smoothening. 
Below: With honed finishes, we can adjust the level of dullness to your preference. Both countertops are made of the same type of marble and have been photographed in similar lighting. The first is treated to a deep (dull) hone. The second has a smoother and more reflective (patina) finish. 
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Durability

It would be great to put the durability “stamp of approval” on one finish or the other, however it’s not that simple without first discussing the type of stone being treated and their respective vulnerabilities. With marble and other calcite material, etches are the main concern, since etches burn the smoothness of a finish away, leaving dull spots. Granite, most quartzite and slate are not susceptible to etches, so their durability doesn’t change very much with each finish. In the following blurbs, we will be dealing with marble, limestone and other varieties of calcite based stone: only materials that are prone etches. To learn more about the durability of the various stone families, visit our blog post "Stone types'' which covers in detail the durability characteristics of each stone type.

Polished

It goes without saying that when it comes to etches, a polished finish is not very durable. Using a strong acid based cleaner even once can easily burn the finish of the stone, leaving streaks and splashes of dullness across the polished surface. The most common example of this occurring is when an acid based soap scum or hard water remover is used in a shower, or toilet bowl cleaner is spilled around a toilet. That said, if you or your cleaning staff are careful not to use the wrong products, there is no reason a polished floor shouldn’t hold up for a very long time. With regards to sealing, the polishing process does close off many of the pores in the stone, which has the benefit of slowing stains from absorbing into the material, usually requiring sealer less frequently. Lobbies and commercial spaces are often left polished with annual or biannual servicing with great success. The broader idea (and this is somewhat difficult to describe) is when you are looking at a polished floor, the stone takes a back seat to the reflection. Taking this idea further, when there are scratches, general traffic wear or even light etching, as long as there is any shine, that damage tends to fade into the background aesthetic of the broader space. Once the wear patterns become truly dull, visibility of damage accelerates aggressively. With regards to scratches, the smoothness of a polished floor actually helps grit roll across the surface rather than catch on the grain of the stone, this explains why once the surface becomes dull, it becomes very damaged very quickly. This is a very common phenomenon in commercial spaces like malls, the floors go for a year or two holding a decent shine, but once they become even remotely dull, scratches and absorption of dirt accelerates very quickly. We will cover the patina finish in the next (honed durability) section, which is a very good solution for high traffic floors.

Honed

The great benefit of the honed finish is its ability to hide etches. It’s not that the material becomes any more resistant to etching, rather, etches contrast significantly less against the backdrop of a dull surface when compared to a polished surface. Unlike the polished finish, honing puts the grain and patterning of the stone front and center without hiding it behind a high gloss reflection. Honed finishes are best suited for countertops, tables and showers. With regards to floors, while a honed finish is very smooth to the touch, in reality the roughness of the surface is prone to catching grit and dirt, causing scratches and discolouration in high traffic areas. Bathroom floors or floors in your home not exposed to food products and outdoor elements are suitable candidates for a honed finish. For all other floors we tend to suggest a smoother patina finish. We consider the satin/patina finish to be an extension of the honed finish, and is best described as a ‘shiny’ but rough surface- a diffused shine. The true aim of the patina finish is to replicate the smoothening that occurs with excessive foot traffic (usually seen in many historic places made of marble, ie. the Vatican in Rome). For any stone repair nerds reading, this is approximately a 600 grit finish. Limestone, travertine and other very loose grained sedimentary stone floors respond very well to a patina finish, whereas denser varieties of marble actually do better polished. With countertops it’s best to stick to a very dull hone if your main concern is etching and ease of maintenance. If you are a cook who uses their kitchen for rolling dough, going with a honed finish is a must. It’s worth noting that honing does leave the pores of the stone more exposed to stains, and will require sealing more often. Sealing can be done by the homeowner, and we are happy to provide product suggestions and instructions at your request.

Below: Comparisons of two natural stone countertops, with both polished and honed finishes.
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Recommendations

The recommendations below are only based on our experiences regarding the longevity/durability of the stone finish in each of the categories in the left column (not their aesthetic). We've left out granite and quartzite, since they are reliable in all finishes. 1. Limestone, 2. Travertine and 3. Marble/Onyx vary slightly in their durability. 
Highly recommended
Less than ideal
Not recommended
Below: Honed limestone bathroom floor. This finish works well only in low traffic areas

Limestone

Limestone is the best candidate for a patina finish on floors, and is very easy to maintain when left at a honed finish on countertops. Low traffic areas can be left at any finish.

Limestone

Polished

Patina

Honed

High Traffic Floors
Low Traffic Floors
Countertops
Below: Polished travertine foyer. While not as clear as polished marble, the material is rustic enough to hide etches and wear very well

Travertine

Travertine has many naturally occuring holes/epoxy fills, making it difficult for etches to stand out. This allows it to hold up well even when left at a polished finish. In almost all cases, honing is a little too rough for travertine. Vein cut travertine does respond well to honing, but is rarely encountered by us outside custom slab applications.

Travertine

Polished

Patina

Honed

High Traffic Floors
Low Traffic Floors
Countertops
Below: Polished marble foyer floor, the preferred traditional finish of dense calcite materials like marble and onyx. 

Marble / Onyx

Marble and Onyx are very different materials, however their density, hardness, vulnerability to etches and quality of polish are very similar. Recommendations for these materials are identical, however onyx is rarely honed as it doesn't look very good, and hides most of it's beautiful banding and transparency.

Marble

Polished

Patina

Honed

High Traffic Floors
Low Traffic Floors
Countertops
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Have a more specific question about which finish is right for your natural stone? 
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Related Blog Posts...
Stone TypesEtches Explained
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