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The Quartzite Quandary

After years of hearing from disappointed clients regarding their "quartzite" etching, we thought it was time to clear things up
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First Encounters

Many years ago when the company was started, our experience with quartzite was limited to the odd service call filling chips or touching up silicone or dirt around faucets, quartzite was at the time quite a rare material for us to encounter. It was always a treat seeing this veined material that looked like marble but was as hard as granite. As on-site restoration specialists, rather than fabricators, we are not exposed to the many types of stone passing through our local suppliers, and at the time, had very little experience actually resurfacing the elusive material. Then came what we call “the first muskoka job” a wall to wall slab installation in a beautiful cottage done in “superwhite quartzite”. When we arrived to assess the material and start our mitre work, we were a little intimidated - knowing quartzite was harder than granite, and likely to test the limitations of our diamond discs. We aren’t geologists, mineral specialists or scientists, but decades of sanding and polishing stone gives you a certain knack for the hardness and density of a material. Once we started sanding, I quickly called the installer to tell them “no way this is quartzite- this has to be marble” due to how easily it was sanding. They claimed no, it was quartzite, and we agreed to disagree.
Superwhite "quartzite"
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The Phonecalls

Moving forward from that first major “quartzite” job, the number of calls for etches, stains or scratches on  quartzite were steadily increasing. Many clients of ours stated they were told their countertops would be etch proof, harder/stronger than granite and impervious to staining, but this couldn’t be further from the truth. The conundrum on our end was how to actually polish this material, it was clearly harder than your average marble in it's response to diamond grinding, behaving closer to granite, but there were rings and etches littered across the surface only seen with marble. We tried both marble and granite techniques until we found the right combinations of compounds, weight and speed and have been very successful, often adjusting on a case by case basis. We had perfected the technique but still had questions.

Dolomitic Marble

At this point, we figured what we were facing were countertop materials composed of both acid soluble minerals like calcite (found in marble and limestone) folded together with harder, non reactive minerals like quartz (the predominant mineral in quartzite). At the same time, having worked on true quartzite, it was perplexing to witness such a wide gap in durability. The answer? it wasn't quartzite to begin with.

Metamorphic stone types (including marble, quartzite and granite) are the result of minerals and other impurities being pressed together under extreme heat and pressure, impurities give us the varieties of colours we see, but the main mineral compositions result in drastic differences in hardness and acid solubility. Marble is made up of a mineral called calcite. Calcite results from the chemical compound calcium carbonate. Dolomite, another  mineral, is made of calcium magnesium carbonate. This dolomite mineral makes for a stronger, but still etch prone cousin of marble, called dolomitic marble.  While dolomitic marble is harder than standard marble, and less prone to etching, it is nowhere near the strength of actual quartzite. Visually, all three of these stone types can show very similar colours, patterns and grain, making visual identification unreliable. 
The first image shows a dolomitic marble sold as "quartzite" but nearly as delicate as marble. The Second is true quartzite, an extremely durable material significantly stronger than both marble and granite. Take note of their visual similarities. 
Above: Hardness scale showing the difference in hardness between marble, dolomitic marble, granite and quartzite

True Quartzite

True quartzite is often harder than the hardest granites by a decent margin, extremely dense and often non porous. That isn’t to say granite isn’t still an amazing product, it is also extremely durable and usually non-porous, BUT in most cases granite doesn’t have the same dynamic aesthetic you can find in quartzite. Common granite has very uniform patterns of minerals, whereas quartzite often has veining only seen in softer stone like marble. With quartzite you get the beauty and warmth of marble, but durability exceeding granite, dare I say this is the perfect combination. You can also find quartzite with enough transparency to use in backlit applications (see below). This does all come at a cost of course, the price of high quality quartzite slabs far exceed most slabs of marble or granite. Quartzite requires special considerations during fabrication as well. While slabs are being cut at the fabricator or during installation, even the best diamond blades will wear down quickly, the speed of cutting slabs must be drastically reduced to prevent chipping and extra care must be taken handling the material not to accidentally crack or damage the hard but brittle stone. These factors combined can easily double or triple the total cost when compared to other materials. The reward of such high costs? An etch proof, nearly scratch proof, and often non-porous material that looks like marble and won’t require restoration for years to come. We can confirm this simply by the lack of client inquiries regarding real quartzite. 
Backlit translucent quartzite
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How to Test Quartzite

If you are unsure whether the material you are buying is true quartzite, and not dolomitic marble, there are a few tests you can do yourself. These simple tests will confirm the hardness of the stone as well as it’s susceptibility to etching (erosion/dullness from contact with acids).  
The Scratch Test
Take a small piece of the quartzite you are interested in and a piece of glass (use eye and hand protection!). Press the quartzite into the glass and drag it across the surface with mild pressure. Examine the glass. If the material is true quartzite, it should leave a noticeable scratch in the glass. Dolomitic and standard marble should not scratch glass.
The Etch Test
Using vinegar or another medium strength acid (not extreme acids like CLR). Leave a few drops of product on the surface of the quartzite. Alllow it to sit for 10-15 minutes. After the allotted time, wash the area with clean water and allow it to dry. If it is true quartzite, there will be no etch. If it is dolomitic marble, there will be a subtle etch, and if it is standard marble a deep etch.

Work Gallery

In addition to our normal maintenance services, we also work alongside installers, completing colour matched epoxy mitres, crack and chip repairs and sealing. 
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